I, ergo, put stratified designs to describe the relationship ranging from time and Na by being obese updates (Profile step three)

Earliest, brand new slope of dating BP with Na consumption varied by the opportunity consumption, recommending one to Na occurrence may echo the partnership having BP best than just absolute Na intake does

There was a significant 3-way interaction between Na intake, energy, and obesity status for SBP (P=0.033); for DBP, the 3-way interaction was not significant, but there was a significant interaction between energy intake and obesity (P=0.005). In stratified models, the association of Na with SBP was stronger at lower energy intake (higher Na density) than at higher energy intake (lower Na density) in both nonobese (interaction of Na with energy; P<0.001) and obese (interaction of Na with energy; P=0.028); the association of Na and DBP by energy intakes was similar (interaction of Na with energy, P=0.005 nonobese; P=0.049 obese). On the control diet at 2300 mg Na intake in the nonobese, SBP was 4.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.0, 8.5) higher at 2100 kcal compared with 3200 kcal (Figure 3A), and DBP was 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.7, 5.5) higher (Figure 3C). In obese at 2300 mg Na intake on the control diet, there were no differences in SBP (0.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?3.8 to 4.9; Figure 3B) or DBP (1.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 4.5; Figure 3D) between 2100 and 3200 kcal. On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, there were no significant differences in SBP at 2100 versus 3200 kcal regardless of obesity status (2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 6.0 for nonobese and ?1.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?6.0 to 3.4 for obese). On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, DBP was higher at 2100 versus 3200 kcal in the nonobese (2.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.1–4.4), but not in the obese (?0.3 mm Hg (95% CI, ?3.2 to 2.6).

Figure 3. Interaction of absolute Na intake and energy intake on blood pressure at 3 energy levels stratified by obesity status, indicating 3 levels of Na density (L, I, and H), among normal and overweight (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m 2 , A and C) and obese (BMI?30 kg/m 2 , B and D) participants on the control diet. The vertical line is drawn at 2300 mg absolute Na intake. Error bars represent ±1 SE. Results from mixed-effects models of continuous Na and energy, adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, cohort, diet type (DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] or control), clinical center, and carryover effects stratified by obesity status. DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Dialogue

That it data try conducted to determine whether or not the relationships between Na and you can BP may vary which have opportunity consumption. Multiple secret conclusions emerged. 2nd, given that in past times stated, the outcome off Na prevention is actually attenuated regarding form from the Dashboard eating plan weighed against the handle eating plan, suggesting you to aspects of diet together with influence the brand new BP response to alterations in Na intake. 5,twelve,thirteen Including attenuating the fresh new BP response to Na, the fresh Dashboard diet plan together with decreased BP, consistent with proof you to definitely regions of diet, as well as a heightened consumption out of potassium, by themselves all the way down BP. 14 3rd, the fresh organization regarding Na having time intake on BP carried on whenever the analyses was basically stratified by race, apart from DBP among whites. Next, with stratification from the being obese condition, huge variations in BP of the times consumption were seen some of those have been nonobese compared with fat.

Whilst Dashboard–Na study regulated Na density, and not absolute Na intake, the original results of this demonstration was translated regarding Na intake as opposed to Na occurrence. The lack of reporting overall performance by Na density could possibly get echo the fresh absence of study on times consumption in many knowledge. Analysis of one’s relationships of Na thickness which have mortality inside the observational research has given blended abilities. The research of Na density having mortality regarding the NHANES II follow-upwards investigation (National Health and Nutrients Test Survey) and you may regarding NHANES III recommended a keen inverse organization from Na and you can cardiovascular illnesses mortality, although provided Na in terms of opportunity intake. 15,sixteen In these education, yet not, Na and effort consumption have been estimated using one 24-hours keep in mind, that isn’t adequate to imagine a person’s usual fat reduction consumption because of large day-to-date type in Na consumption and effort intake and their proportion. Further, energy consumption is actually implausibly lower in both training. You’ll be able that noticed dating ranging from Na intake and you may heart problems death can be informed me because of the not as much as-revealing prejudice, which is, when the heavy people statement down Na thickness and generally are probably be to perish from heart problems, passion.com profilleri the new seen matchmaking will get reflect the fresh new impression out of being obese in lieu of eating plan. The most up-to-date proof from a potential cohort study (n=716, 19-year realize-up) aligns into the results of the present day studies, with stated incidence off aerobic situations two times as large those types of on the high in the place of reduced quartile away from Na density (22% versus eleven%, respectively; P=0.005) according to eight-day food ideas built-up during the standard. 17